Vietnam Challenges in Development

â€Å"What are the major obstacles in your country’s development to achieve long-term and sustainable growth and in addressing such obstacles what public policies need to be put in place, particularly in relation to national technology and innovation capability? † Vietnam’s reform process named Doi Moi (Renovation) since 1986 witnessed success of market-oriented changes. Not only has Vietnam been one of the world’s fastest growing economies (averaging over 7 per cent p. a. GDP growth), it has made great strides towards eliminating poverty, achieved national food security and become a major exporter of agricultural commodities.However, the process of shifting from agricultural dominance to industrial dominance has also created number of negatives effects for the country that public policies should be put in place to address. Three main obstacles, which Vietnam has to face up with, are those issues of growth, society and environment: Firstly, the countryâ₠¬â„¢s economic growth primarily is factor-based and quantity-based while knowledge-based development accounts for minimal proportion. The growth made by input capitals (foreign investment, natural resources) makes the results do not deserve with investment.IMF experts make a comparison of Vietnam case with Thailand and Philippine in the past 2 decades, when two country experienced same position as Vietnam currently, 30-40% total revenue of the nation created 12% growth rate, while Vietnam’s investment up to 60% of total revenue but growth rate is only 6-7%/year. It’s the time to pay attention on economic effectiveness rather than just targets setting. Secondly, economic growth in short time has lead to series of social issues.Inequality and the gap between rich and poor, rural and urban, plains and mountainous areas has been widened not only in terms of income but also living standards and chances. The rapid growth of urban economy and industry has not been linked harm oniously with rural economy and society. While many new jobs continue to withdraw young labors from the rural, they also worsen the unbalance of rural family life, gender and age. More jobs are created but unsecured, life in industrial zone or city suburban with rental house, low-income and manual job can not secure a future.The rest of people stay with agriculture, however, the growth of and is being contracted, constraining the application of hi-technologies; farming syste agricultural production (so far mainly relying on in labor and natural resources – intensive investment) has no longer enjoyed favorable conditions. Agricultural land is scattered m is still based on habitant and qualitative; products are low competitiveness. Thirdly, environment is damaged seriously. Pollution is increasing, urban and industry waste is poured to the rural. Some natural resources are over exploited for exports purpose without planning.Fossil fuel is the main source for the economy, techno logy to create alternative energy is slowly applied. In addition, the happening of epidemic, climate changes is becoming complex. Long term policy to adapt with climate change is still in the beginning stage of formulation while the country have to struggle with day to day disasters. In order to addressing those obstacles, new strategic orientation should be identified; main approaches of public policy in the new period are as follows: Distribute equally the growth results.Remove all barriers and create favorable conditions for the development of resource markets in the rural (labor, land, capital and science and technology) so that the market mechanism and internal capacity of rural people can be mobilized to regulate effectively all available resources; mobilize abundant rural labor resource, urban savings, and international capital to upgrade rural infrastructure and develop rural services and crafts (including industry and non-agriculture activities in the rural); move the urban and industry to rural areas, export and take rural labors to the urban.Focus investment on education to improve the human resource capability through appropriate vocational training policy; develop health care system in the rural, especially in difficult and poor areas; stimulate economic sectors to provide services in the urban and favorable areas; gradually, narrow the gaps of service quality between the rural and the urban. Stimulate all economic sectors to participate in the development and application of science and technology to create higher quality products.The State should concentrate its investment in science and technology applied for public services in agriculture, extension, in difficult and poor areas Identify clearly necessary criteria and areas for economic-environment balance; ensure the sustainable social and environmental development; actively make harmoniously economic, social and environmental planningIn conclusion, entering new development phase, Vietnamâ€⠄¢s development course requires new policy solutions to change investment direction into knowledge-base, mobilize hidden resources, create motivation for a large number of people to achieve a long-term and sustainable growth in which national technology and innovation capability enhancement play an crucial role.

On December 31 1896, a large seagoing tug called the Commodore set sail for the open sea

On December 31 1896, a large seagoing tug called the Commodore set sail for the open sea. Author Stephen Crane was on-board as a war correspondent at the time. During the trip the vessel ran aground a couple of times, this damaged the hull of the ship. The Commodore was eighteen miles from land when the damaged hull gave way and was swamped with water. Stephen Crane and three other men managed to escape in a lifeboat. The short story â€Å"The Open Boat† is a fictional story based on his real-life account of what happened during that fateful time. Through the use of symbolic language, metaphors and irony, Stephen Crane allows us to experience what had happened during that crisis and how the people involved came together to fight for survival out in the open sea. Writers, often use these three elements of literature, in order to make their audience react to the story they are telling. They set the tone, give of the plot and setting, and give images of what is happening to the character or characters in the story. First let us look at how Stephen Crane uses symbolic language in the story of â€Å"The Open Boat†. Symbolic language is used in the â€Å"The Open Boat† to set the tone or the mood, as well as, the setting of the story and gives us insight to the hopeless feeling the men were experiencing while trying to survive after being shipwrecked. For example, â€Å"As each slaty wall of water approached, it shut all else from the view of the men in the boat, and it was not difficult to imagine that this particular wave was the final outburst of the ocean, the last effort of the grim water. † He describes the color of the sea as a â€Å"slaty wall of water†. Slaty is the color of slate, which is a dark and murky grayish blue color, is used to describe the sea. Dark colors are used often by writers to give the audience a feeling of danger, the unknown and forbidding. Used in this content, we see the men being surrounded and isolated by the dark water, which has obstructed their view of their surroundings and is now their enemy during the entire trip towards land. Another example in the same sentence is â€Å"the last effort of the grim water†, which illustrates or symbolizes the life and death struggle that went on between the men and the elements of the dark, relentless and uncaring ocean. One can image the ocean as the grim reaper doing battle with the four men, who are by now isolated from all civilization and are fighting helplessly against the elements of the vast ocean, which seems to want to swallow them up. This is a frightening image or symbol of death that is ever present during their struggle to reach land. The second element of literature that Stephen Crane used was metaphors. A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as if it were another. In other words a metaphor compares two things that are dissimilar but suggests a likeness between them. For example, Stephen Crane wrote, † A seat in his boat was not unlike a seat upon a bucking bronco†. One can image how the men, in their tiny dinghy, were being tossed about violently upon the waves of the ocean just like a cowboy on a bucking bronco at a rodeo. Another example, which is one of my favorite metaphors in this story, is the phrase â€Å"to nibble the sacred cheese of life†. Life being precious and not to be taken lightly was a gift. This lesson was learned early on in the story by the four men during their trip towards safety. They came this far and fate was dangling their life in front of them. At this moment would their lives be taken away from them or they will survive this ordeal as each wave threatens to topple their tiny craft over. This again strongly emphasizes that life and nature is seldom fair and is often cruel and uncaring. The third element of literature used by Stephen Crane is irony. Irony is a situation or statement characterized by a significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant. The four men found themselves shipwrecked and slowly made it towards land. Once near land, the people on shore spotted them. The people on land thought that the four occupants were out at sea purposely and did not realize the peril they were in. They waved to the four men, who were hanging on for dear life and never bothered to question why they were there. One would think that if a lighthouse were nearby that someone would scan the ocean occasionally, especially if a report of a shipwreck was reported off their shore several miles away. Another ironic situation was the fate of the oiler and the cook. The oiler rowed the boat most of the time and he also was the strongest swimmer and yet he died. Whereas the cook, who did nothing except bail water and was very portly, survived the ordeal. This again shows how unfair life can be. In the story of â€Å"The Open Boat†, Stephen Crane uses symbolic language, metaphors, and irony to give us a colorful and suspenseful story of four shipwrecked men out at sea. By using these elements of literature, we feel their anxiety and hopelessness as they struggled to survive against the ocean and her inhabitants. The theme man verses nature is one of the main themes of this story and gives us a good look at how uncaring and often cruel nature really is.

COMMERCIAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COMMERCIAL LAW - Essay Example The ways that are used to launder money include using the financial systems or services that cover up the tracks or sources from where the money is being transferred. Whereas, some countries may only consider money laundering when being used in a crime in that administration is being cheated on. The amount of money laundered every year is in billions, posing a policy threat and concerns for the governments. Many governments release the amount of money laundered each year either all around the world or only within their economy. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) in 1996 stated that about 2.3 percent of the global economy consisted laundered money. Therefore, FATF (Financial Action Task Force) is an organization set up to fight money laundering. FATF does not publish the exact figures of money laundered each year because it is impossible to estimate the right amount. Governments and other International bodies have made measurements in order to prevent and combat money laundering2. Financial institutions like IMF and FATF have made efforts to detect these sources and the transactions involving laundered money. International large scale criminal organizations and activities such as drug wars are the main benefactors of money laundering. Issues related to money laundering have existed as long as these international criminal organizations and activities have existed. It has been understood recently that anti-money laundering legislations have been the reason for the drop in both these acts of crime because these acts usually require transmission of funds that have untraceable sources. METHODS The process of money laundering consists of basic three steps are3: 1. Placement 2. Layering 3. Integration PLACEMENT: This is the process of introducing the cash within the financial system through some illicit means. LAYERING: This step consists of covering the tracks or camouflaging the illegal source. INTEGRATION: It is the acquiring the money generated from illegal sour ces from the transactions carried out by illegal funds. To chase away any kind of further suspicions, money launderers convert form of their dirty money into various types such as: 1. Smurfing is a method of breaking the money into smaller deposits of money or purchasing bearer instruments such as money orders and the depositing them into further smaller amounts. 2. Cash smuggling in bulk and then depositing it into offshore banks with greater chances of hiding money. 3. Depositing cash into the accounts of business that involves greater amounts of cash such as strip clubs, casinos, tanning spas etc. 4. Trading money by using over-value invoices to cover the movement of money. 5. Buying controlling interest in a bank that has less rigorous money- laundering legislations and then moving the money without having the bank scrutinize it. 6. Buying gambling chips from the casinos then cashing it after playing for a while in the form of a check or get a receipt proving it as a gambling wi n or spending the money in gambling with the higher odds then showing the wins while hiding the losses. 7. Through paying black salaries to the unregistered employees of a company and black cash is used to pay them. 8. Fictional loans 9. Hiding the money at home or other places 10. Tax evasion and also that legalize unreported assets in tax havens. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING IN UK Anti-money launderi

Operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operating system - Essay Example When we turn on the computer, it boots itself, which means that it checks if everything is running correctly, and if a new software or hardware has been installed. After booting for around a minute, the OS gets started. After startup, it manages the processes, takes user’s commands, and works accordingly. OS makes sure that all the programs get their required memory and storage on the hard disk. Examples of OS include Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and Linux. Windows OS was created in 1980s by the Microsoft. When we buy a computer system, OS is already installed in it, but we can also install it at home without professional help. All we need to do is follow the step-by-step instructions that come on the screen after we start loading our desired OS from CD. In short, an OS is the software that manages every program running on the hard disk, receives input from the user, transmits it to the related programs, and displays output on the

Marketing strategy of adidas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing strategy of adidas - Essay Example Adidas is guided by the three principles which were laid down by the founder, Adi Dassler – to aim for the production of the best possible foot wear to serve the requirement of sports, to aim for the protection of the athlete from any possible injury and produce a durable product (Step back in time, n.d.). They company operates out of Europe, Asia, Latin America and North America through a network comprising of more than 170 subsidiaries. The organisation is headquartered at Herzogenaurach, Germany, employing over 31,344 people worldwide (Adidas AG - Financial and Strategic Analysis Review, 2009). The journey for the company began in 1920, when Adi Dassler, with the aid of two shoemakers, produced homemade leather training shoes. A major milestone was achieved, resulting in superb promotion for the company, in 1932, when Arthur Jonath, a German athlete, won a bronze medal in the 1932 Olympics using shoes produced by the company. The company was on its upward spiral and soon the revenues of the company crossed 400,000 Reich mark in 1935. Sportsperson from 120nations used Adidas products in the Seoul Olympics in 1988. The company has seen many highs and undergone major structural changes in the way it has approached the market place. It has been quick to realize that marketing and customer orientation have become vital on the part of a modern company. The company has changed its entire outlook – which resulted in the creation of the three divisions - adidas Sport Performance, adidas Sport Heritage and adidas Sport Style from the existing Footwear and Clothing/Accessories . The company also decided to give its customers to option of customising the products they wanted to buy according to their own specifications – a business model which is now replicated all over the market space. The company went ahead with its aggressive marketing campaign and adopted a new tagline in 2003 -

Brain Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brain Injury - Essay Example Such as, it may bring about memory loss, affects speed, duration and interpretation of the process of information involving sensory perception with existing knowledge. Also possible reaction time obstruction can lead to a decline in productivity or injury in some cases along with motor disability. All of this leads to concentration problems, irritation, understanding language, impulsiveness, seizures, headaches, unpredictable behaviour, skills detriment and difficulty in learning and carrying out daily activities. Diagnosing brain injury is a difficult process because injuries to the brain mostly go undetected. There are several reasons of this; neurological tests fail to detect cases of brain injury because these are not sensitive to detection equipment. Secondly, casual communication of doctors with patients may not show any indication of it. Even the patients themselves are not aware of symptoms and take them lightly if they are. On the other hand, close observation of such people may verify the differences in behaviour as alteration in one's temperament occurs to some extent. All this aids in determining the seriousness of the injury also the people closely related to the injured may comprehend behavioural changes instinctively. It is unknown how many patients acquire brain injury because several injured persons aren't hospitalized at all; in fact it has decreased2. The most common cause of brain injury is accidents involving vehicles which account for half of all brain injuries in America alone and child abuse in children. Although, aged people are more vulnerable to these injuries as of their tenuous brains but it effects young people the same way even if the injuries are not that serious. In addition, patients suffering from brain injury are most likely to have further injuries to their brains. Children especially the ones not in school yet are in the least danger of acquiring such an injury though they may suffer from one due to a serious fall. The troubles of rehabilitation are not only physical but also cognitive, psychological and behavioral that can cause long-term problems such as acute management, memory loss and social limitations. However, further advancement in technology makes it easier for the therapists and rehabilitation to make use of products especially designed for people with abilities3. Adaptations Treatments devised for the sufferers of brain injury are different for individuals of different ages like preschoolers, adolescents in school, employees and retired persons. For the benefit of all the patients, therapies determining the effects brain injury have on the performance of an individual are developed. Cognitive therapy involves understanding differences in before and after performance of the patient and focusing on changes in skills or reasoning. It happens often that patients face hard time expressing themselves and understanding others which is helped through speech therapy. Patients deal better if they are focused on developing skills and increasing productivity as they will pay less attention to their problems emotionally. While, psychological therapy aims to assist patients adapt better to the symptoms of brain injury such as acceptance of how they are now compared to prior injury. The psychological adaptations are important in daily activities, recreation and

Ethics and Philosophy in Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics and Philosophy in Religion - Essay Example ction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Thus, it is the art with which one is able to retrieve information and learning that sets one apart from simply recalling or remembering. In order for learning to take place, one must have a source from which to draw upon knowledge. Once this is achieved, recollection is attained. Thus, knowledge has a purpose and a direction which can be analyzed through various means. This is the nature of knowledge. [150 words] Part II. Method/Hermeneutics. Seventh-Day Adventist4 theology is unique. Seventh-Day Adventists’ theology approximates a movement with apocalyptic overtones. Adventists’ hermeneutics, or interpretational theory, stems from the books of Daniel and Revelation, which are both books of the Bible that deal with prophecy. Seventh Day Adventists are particularly concerned with prophecy and how it relates to the interpretation of the sacred text of the Bible. Basically, the main ideas that characterize Seventh-Day Adventism has been carefully analyzed. The way the Bible is interpreted by people within the religious culture of Seventh-Day Adventism is very specific. The theme of the end times reoccurs often, more often than not, in the hermeneutics of the Seventh-Day Adventists. The main hermeneutic regarding the book of Daniel deals mainly with the foreshadowing of the coming of Christ. The main hermeneutic regarding the book of Revelation deals mainly with the symbols associa ted with end times and the impending return of Christ. [150 words] Part III. Method/Hermeneutics. The Seventh-Day Adventist hermeneutic is continued to be discussed in this section. The interpretational theory of the Seventh-Day Adventists depends largely on the text being evaluated or analyzed. In the case of Seventh-Day Adventists, the text that is mainly focused upon—usually, but not always—is Revelation. This is because a large part of Seventh-Day Adventist theology usually focuses upon the up-and-coming return of Christ to earth in order to